The Past Perfect Simple

 

Photo credit: Freepik 

This is a bit complicated, but let’s explain it as easily as we can.

Imagine that you are at a party now. This is the situation:

You arrive at the party, and you look for Jake. Your friend tells you that Jake has gone home.

You: Hello! I’m here! Where’s Jake?

Friend: Oh, Jake has gone home.

You arrived at the party, but Jake wasn’t there anymore, he went home before you could arrive at the party.

The following day, you tell your friends about the situation.

You: I went to the party last night, but I did not see Jake. When I arrived at the party, Jake had gone home.

There, you used the Past Perfect Simple Sentence.

We use the Past Perfect Simple when we talk about a thing that happened before another action happened.

 

Here are some more examples:

 Imagine this situation:

A storm is coming. The farmers are working hard. They want to harvest the mangoes.

 After a few minutes…

 

Farmers: We have harvested the mangoes! Hooray! 

 And then, the storm began.

 The following day, (or even after a few hours), you tell your friends about the story.

 You: Yesterday, there was a big storm. We were all worried about the mangoes. Everybody worked hard to harvest the mangoes.  Fortunately, the farmers had harvested the mangoes when the storm began.

 First, the farmers harvested the mangoes. And then, the storm began.

 Another example:

I had put back the food into the refrigerator when my mother arrived from work. She was very hungry, so I took out the food and reheated it.

 First, you put back the food in the refrigerator. And then, your mom arrived.

 

 JAPANESE TRANSLATON by: Google Translate

 これは少し複雑ですが、できるだけ簡単に説明しましょう。

 あなたが今パーティーにいると想像してみてください。これは状況です：

 あなたはパーティーに到着し、ジェイクを探します。あなたの友人はジェイクが家に帰ったとあなたに話します。

 

You: Hello! I’m here! Where’s Jake?

Friend: Oh, Jake has gone home.

 

あなたはパーティーに到着しましたが、ジェイクはもうそこにいませんでした。あなたがパーティーに到着する前に、彼は家に帰りました。

 

翌日、あなたは友達に状況を話します。

You: I went to the party last night, but I did not see Jake. When I arrived at the party, Jake had gone home.

そこで、あなたは過去の完璧な単純な文を使用しました。

 別のアクションが発生する前に発生したことについて話すときは、Past Perfect Simpleを使用します。

 さらにいくつかの例を示します。

 この状況を想像してみてください。

嵐が来ています。農民たちは一生懸命働いています。彼らはマンゴーを収穫したいと思っています。

 数分後に…

Farmers: We have harvested the mangoes!

 そして、嵐が始まりました。

翌日（または数時間後でも）、あなたは友達にその話をします。

 You: Yesterday, there was a big storm. We were all worried about the mangoes. Everybody worked hard to harvest the mangoes.  Fortunately, the farmers had harvested the mangoes when the storm began.

まず、農民はマンゴーを収穫しました。そして、嵐が始まりました。

その他の例：

I had put back the food into the refrigerator when my mother arrived from work. She was very hungry, so I took out the food and reheated it.

まず、食品を冷蔵庫に戻します。そして、あなたのお母さんが到着しました。